http://hdl.handle.net/10171/16570 2013-05-20T22:41:32Z 2013-05-20T22:41:32Z Güell-Pelayo, F. (Francisco) http://hdl.handle.net/10171/28269 2013-04-11T10:36:00Z 2012-08-31T22:00:00Z

Title: La deriva interpretativa noológica del planteamiento zubiriano: lo que la verdad esconde Author(s) : Güell-Pelayo, F. (Francisco) Abstract: En esta comunicación pretendo justificar, desde el planteamiento filosófico de Xavier Zubiri, la posibilidad y necesidad de atender a la realidad en sí y por sí misma sin por ello rechazar que ésta es sugerida por la realidad misma aprehendida y afrontada desde la inteligencia. Nos centraremos en la explicación zubiriana de la teoría de la verdad racional. La verdad racional es una reflexión central e ineludible dentro del planteamiento noológico del filósofo donostiarra. Trataremos de mostrar que la razón es búsqueda de lo que la cosa real es en la realidad, y el canon de si el resultado de la búsqueda es razonable o no con respecto de la cosa no lo confiere la razón sino la cosa real. Esto nos permite afirmar que el estudio noológico que Zubiri lleva a cabo en la Trilogía no solo da cabida al estudio de la realidad “allende” la aprehensión intelectiva, sino que la requiere para mantenerse en pie y para alejarla del idealismo que Zubiri pretendía superar. ABSTRACT: In this paper I intend to justify the possibility and necessity of attend the reality in and by itself without denying that it is suggested by the reality apprehended in the intelligence. We will focus on explaining the zubiri´s theory of the rational truth. Rational truth is a central and unavoidable reflection within the general approach of his wider noological project. We will assert that the study noological that Zubiri takes place in the trilogy not only accommodates the study of reality out of intellectual apprehension, but is required to stand up and to zoom out of the idealism.

2012-08-31T22:00:00Z Güell-Pelayo, F. (Francisco) http://hdl.handle.net/10171/23711 2012-11-15T10:52:48Z 2012-10-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Teoría zubiriana de la esencia (II): sobre la esencia Author(s) : Güell-Pelayo, F. (Francisco) Abstract: Siguiendo el discurso del libro Sobre la esencia de Xavier Zubiri, este trabajo presenta su propuesta metafísica sobre la esencia misma de lo real. Se explica en qué sentido se afirma que la esencia es infundada, funda al resto de notas, tiene necesidad de lo inesencial y está clausurada. La reflexión se realiza desde una doble perspectiva: considerando a la esencia en sí misma (momento de ultimidad) y con respecto al resto de las notas (momento fundante). El análisis culmina con la caracterización de la unidad esencial y la descripción de su actualización en el constructo. En este trabajo se muestra, por un lado, que la teoría de la sustantividad exige ser coronada y sostenida por la unidad esencial y, por otro lado, que no hay incoherencia en la caracterización del subsistema constitutivo y del sistema constitucional si atendemos a los criterios por los que se predica su clausura.------------------------------------------------------ Abstract: In line with the book On the Essence by Xavier Zubiri, this paper examines his metaphysical approach to the essence. The project explaines what is meant by the essence being unfounded, founding the rest of the notes, needing the non-essential or being closed. This reflection is carried out from two perspectives: the first considers the essence in itself and the second considers the relation of the essence with the rest of the notes. The analysis reaches its height with the characterization of the essential unity and the description of its function in the construct state. On the one hand, this project proves that the theory of substantivity must be crowned and sustained by the essential unity; on the other hand, it shows that the characterization of the essential subsystem and the constitutional system are not contradictory if we keep in mind the criteria used to assert their closure.

2012-10-31T23:00:00Z Calatrava, M. (María) Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina) Irala, J. (Jokin) de http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22557 2012-11-06T10:35:21Z 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Factores de riesgo relacionados con la salud sexual en los jóvenes europeos Author(s) : Calatrava, M. (María); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina); Irala, J. (Jokin) de Abstract: En Europa, seguimos asistiendo a un aumento de la transmisión sexual del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). Para priorizar estrategias de salud sexual, resulta importante identificar los factores sexuales de riesgo presentes en los jóvenes europeos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos y estudios de instituciones oficiales europeas. En total, fueron identificados 21 artículos y 10 estudios. Los datos sugieren un aumento de la iniciación sexual juvenil y del número de parejas sexuales. El 15-20% de los jóvenes usan de forma inconstante el preservativo. Entre los conocimientos y actitudes de riesgo detectadas encontramos: desconocer otras ITS distintas al VIH, tener una actitud favorable a las relaciones sexuales casuales, creer erróneamente que algunas medidas son eficaces para prevenir el VIH, desconocer los riesgos de tener múltiples parejas sexuales y desconocer la transmisión sexual del VIH. Los datos subrayan la necesidad de mejorar los mensajes transmitidos a los jóvenes.

2011-12-31T23:00:00Z Toledo, E. (Estefanía) Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina) Ruiz-Zambrana, Á. (Álvaro) Donazar, M. (Mikel) Navarro-Blasco, I. (Íñigo) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Angel) Irala, J. (Jokin) de http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22466 2012-06-07T21:44:07Z 2010-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Dietary patterns and difficulty conceiving: a nested case–control study Author(s) : Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina); Ruiz-Zambrana, Á. (Álvaro); Donazar, M. (Mikel); Navarro-Blasco, I. (Íñigo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Angel); Irala, J. (Jokin) de Abstract: Objective: To investigate potential associations between dietary patterns (defined using factor analysis) and difficulty conceiving. Design: Case–control study nested in a Spanish cohort of university graduates (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra [SUN] Project). Setting: Female university graduates all over Spain participating in the SUN Project. Patient(s): A total of 485 women, aged 20–45 years, reporting having presented with difficulty getting pregnant, and 1,669 age-matched controls who had at least one child. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Reported difficulty getting pregnant. Data were collected from baseline and follow-up questionnaires of the SUN Project. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified. They were labeled as “Mediterranean-type” and “Western-type” patterns. A lower risk of difficulty getting pregnant was apparent in the highest quartile of adherence to the Mediterranean-type pattern compared with the lowest quartile (odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.95). Greater adherence to the Western-type dietary pattern showed no association with this outcome. Conclusion: A greater adherence to the Mediterranean-type dietary pattern may enhance fertility. Further evidence about the relationship between this dietary pattern and fertility is needed to develop nutritional interventions for women desiring to get pregnant.

2010-12-31T23:00:00Z Alonso, A. (Alvaro) Irala, J. (Jokin) de http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22465 2012-06-05T08:58:02Z 2003-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Strategies in HIV prevention: the A-B-C approach Author(s) : Alonso, A. (Alvaro); Irala, J. (Jokin) de

2003-12-31T23:00:00Z Irala, J. (Jokin) de Alonso, A. (Alvaro) http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22463 2012-06-05T08:57:33Z 2005-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Changes in sexual behaviours to prevent HIV Author(s) : Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Alonso, A. (Alvaro)

2005-12-31T23:00:00Z Güell-Pelayo, F. (Francisco) http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22049 2012-05-14T12:09:22Z 2010-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Teoría zubiriana de la esencia (I): sobre lo esenciable y lo esenciado Author(s) : Güell-Pelayo, F. (Francisco) Abstract: Siguiendo principalmente el discurso de libro Sobre la esencia de Xavier Zubiri, presento la propuesta metafísica zubiriana sobre el ámbito de lo esenciable y lo esenciado. En el artículo expongo la aproximación provisional de Zubiri al concepto de esencia. Además, analizo la clasificación de notas de la realidad simpliciter y explico la noción de constitución como interna determinación. El objetivo central de este trabajo es explicar qué significa que el análisis filosófico de Zubiri esté instalado en orden a la constitución. Muestro que es desde coordenadas constitucionales desde donde hemos de aproximarnos a la noción zubiriana de sistema sustantivo.

2010-12-31T23:00:00Z Güell-Pelayo, F. (Francisco) http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22048 2012-05-14T12:06:39Z 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: La deriva interpretativa zubiriana en el análisis sustantivo del embrión Author(s) : Güell-Pelayo, F. (Francisco) Abstract: Este artículo pretende mostrar los errores frecuentes de interpretación de la metafísica de Xavier Zubiri con motivo de las reflexiones sobre el carácter sustantivo del embrión. El trabajo trae a colación, a modo de seis puntos, los aspectos responsables de que la reproducción de la teoría de la sustantividad y de la esencia zubiriana se distancie de la propuesta genuina explicitada por Zubiri. El objetivo es justificar la necesidad de una profunda revisión crítica sobre las reflexiones que desde una perspectiva zubiriana se han llevado a cabo acerca de la suficiencia constitucional del embrión y la índole del material genético.

2011-12-31T23:00:00Z Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel) Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina) Carlos, S. (Silvia) Calatrava, M. (María) Osorio, A. (Alfonso) Irala, J. (Jokin) de http://hdl.handle.net/10171/20924 2012-04-15T19:03:07Z 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Familia, amigos y otras fuentes de información asociadas al inicio de las relaciones sexuales en adolescentes de El Salvador Author(s) : Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina); Carlos, S. (Silvia); Calatrava, M. (María); Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Irala, J. (Jokin) de Abstract: Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar cómo influyen en el inicio de la actividad sexual de los jóvenes salvadoreños los mensajes que reciben sobre cuestiones de sexualidad, afectividad y ocio a través de la familia, los amigos y los medios de comunicación. Métodos. Estudio transversal a partir de una muestra representativa de 2 615 estudiantes (de 13 a 19 años) de El Salvador. Se utilizó un muestreo sistemático aleatorio para seleccionar 30 colegios. Se recogieron aspectos sociodemográficos, estilos de vida y fuentes de información sobre sexualidad y amor utilizadas por los jóvenes. Resultados. La edad media de los jóvenes fue de 15 años (DE = 1,8). En total 638 (24,4%) jóvenes afirmaron haber tenido relaciones sexuales. Los siguientes factores se asociaron con una mayor probabilidad de haber tenido relaciones sexuales: percibir que los hermanos (OR = 1,8, IC 95%: 1,2–2,7) o los amigos (OR = 1,7, IC 95%: 1,3–2,2) apoyan que se tengan relaciones sexuales. Como factores protectores se encontraron la supervisión de los padres (OR = 0,5, IC 95%: 0,4–0,7); recibir mensajes que apoyan la abstinencia por parte de amigos (OR = 0,7, IC 95%: 0,6–1,0) o hermanos (OR = 0,7, IC 95%: 0,5–0,8) y recibir mensajes favorables al matrimonio por parte de los padres (OR = 0,4, IC 95%: 0,3–0,6). Conclusiones. Los mensajes de la familia y amigos son factores que parecen influir en el inicio de las relaciones sexuales de los jóvenes. Los programas de promoción de la salud sexual en El Salvador deberían tener en cuenta estos factores.

2011-12-31T23:00:00Z Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina) Osorio, A. (Alfonso) Irala, J. (Jokin) de http://hdl.handle.net/10171/20599 2012-02-24T11:17:42Z 2011-11-30T23:00:00Z

Title: Intrauterine device and cervical cancer: we need more evidence Author(s) : Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina); Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Irala, J. (Jokin) de

2011-11-30T23:00:00Z Irala, J. (Jokin) de Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina) López-de-Fez, C.M. (Carmen M.) Arredondo, J. (Jorge) Mikolajczyk, R.T. (Rafael T.) Stanford, J.B. (Joseph B.) http://hdl.handle.net/10171/19613 2011-11-11T13:43:54Z 2006-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Women's attitudes towards mechanisms of action of family planning methods: survey in primary health centres in Pamplona, Spain Author(s) : Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina); López-de-Fez, C.M. (Carmen M.); Arredondo, J. (Jorge); Mikolajczyk, R.T. (Rafael T.); Stanford, J.B. (Joseph B.) Abstract: Background: Informed consent in family planning includes knowledge of mechanism of action. Some methods of family planning occasionally work after fertilization. Knowing about postfertilization effects may be important to some women before choosing a certain family planning method. The objective of this survey is to explore women's attitudes towards postfertilization effects of family planning methods, and beliefs and characteristics possibly associated with those attitudes. Methods: Cross-sectional survey in a sample of 755 potentially fertile women, aged 18–49, from Primary Care Health Centres in Pamplona, Spain. Participants were given a 30-item, selfadministered, anonymous questionnaire about family planning methods and medical and surgical abortion. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with women's attitudes towards postfertilization effects. Results: The response rate was 80%. The majority of women were married, held an academic degree and had no children. Forty percent of women would not consider using a method that may work after fertilization but before implantation and 57% would not consider using one that may work after implantation. While 35.3% of the sample would stop using a method if they learned that it sometimes works after fertilization, this percentage increased to 56.3% when referring to a method that sometimes works after implantation. Women who believe that human life begins at fertilization and those who consider it is important to distinguish between natural and induced embryo loss were less likely to consider the use of a method with postfertilization effects. Conclusion: Information about potential postfertilization effects of family planning methods may influence women's acceptance and choice of a particular family planning method. Additional studies in other populations are necessary to evaluate whether these beliefs are important to those populations.

2006-12-31T23:00:00Z Irala, J. (Jokin) de Gómara, I. (Ignacio) Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina) http://hdl.handle.net/10171/19612 2011-11-11T13:33:26Z 2007-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Analysis of contents about sexuality and human reproduction in school textbooks in Spain Author(s) : Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Gómara, I. (Ignacio); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina) Abstract: Objectives: The spread of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in adolescents and teenage pregnancy rates are increasing. A decrease in the average age of youth’s first sexual experience is also being noted. Sexual education programs in schools have an important role to play in addressing these issues. The objective of this study is to analyze the content of textbooks in the area of sexuality and human reproduction in order to evaluate the extent to which these textbooks promote healthy reproductive life styles, as well as risk behavior avoidance among the adolescent students. Study design: Descriptive study of school textbooks content. Methods: The study sample consisted of 12 textbooks (about 80% of all the textbooks) used in Spanish secondary school and edited in 2002. A content analysis evaluated the extent to which these books demonstrated reliable scientific information about: a) condom effectiveness; b) consequences, prevention, and treatment of STI; c) family planning methods; d) Assisted reproductive technologies and e) the promotion of healthy reproductive lifestyles. Results: All textbooks presented inaccurate information in the areas studied. Two hundred and eighty one quotes were identified that facilitated an incomplete perception of sexuality or enabled risky behavior. An average of 12.6 incorrect messages was identified in each textbook. Conclusions: The textbooks examined are neither appropriate nor comprehensive enough for adolescent education on issues of sexuality. Results suggest a need for alternative textbooks based on better scientific evidence. It is essential that textbooks empower adolescents to make healthy decisions through the promotion of useful life skills that provide a more integrated concept of sexuality. In any case, there is a need for approaches to sexual education to integrate values commonly held by parents of the youth that use such texts.

2007-12-31T23:00:00Z Osorio, A. (Alfonso) Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina) Carlos, S. (Silvia) Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel) Delgado-Rodriguez, M. (Miguel) Irala, J. (Jokin) de http://hdl.handle.net/10171/19185 2012-12-13T16:45:01Z 2012-02-29T23:00:00Z

Title: First sexual intercourse and subsequent regret in three developing countries Author(s) : Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina); Carlos, S. (Silvia); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Delgado-Rodriguez, M. (Miguel); Irala, J. (Jokin) de Abstract: Purpose: Adolescents who engage in sex can be affected by a range of negative physical and psychological consequences. We intend to analyze the reasons behind first sex, regret, and the association between reasons and regret. Methods: A questionnaire was implemented to 8495 high schools students, aged 14-18, in the Philippines, El Salvador and Peru. Sexually active participants responded whether several circumstances were reasons involved in their first sexual relationship. They also responded whether they regretted having already had sexual relationships. Results: More than a third of respondents reported at least one external pressure leading to first sex, and about half reported at least one reason implying getting carried away by sexual arousal. More females affirmed they regret having already had sex. Logistic regression shows that reasons for first sex associated with regret were partner insistence, "uncontrolled situations" and seeing sexual images. These reasons were associated with regret even when love was also reported as related to first sex. Conclusions: Adolescent sexual experience is often motivated by pressure and circumstances that lower the control over their decisions concerning sex, such as external pressure (because most friends already had sex or because of partner insistence) or getting carried away by sexual arousal (through an "uncontrolled situation" or viewing sexual images) rather than by mature decisions, and this may result in later regret. Adolescents should be helped by parents, educators and policy makers to be aware of these characteristics of adolescent sex and empowered to make assertive and informed decisions concerning their sexuality.

2012-02-29T23:00:00Z Gómara, I. (Ignacio) Repáraz, C. (Charo) Osorio, A. (Alfonso) Irala, J. (Jokin) de http://hdl.handle.net/10171/19149 2011-11-11T13:29:11Z 2009-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: La educación sexual en los textos escolares españoles: evaluación de un texto alternativo Author(s) : Gómara, I. (Ignacio); Repáraz, C. (Charo); Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Irala, J. (Jokin) de Abstract: Junto al aumento de la utilización de preservativos, asistimos también al aumento de la transmisión de infecciones de transmisión sexual, al adelanto en la edad de inicio de relaciones sexuales y al aumento de embarazos en adolescentes. En este sentido cobra especial importancia la educación sexual recibida en el último tramo de la educación obligatoria. Es importante, desde el punto de vista de la Salud Pública, desarrollar contenidos que permitan al alumno adquirir habilidades sociales que le ayuden a tomar decisiones más libres e informadas encaminadas a retrasar el inicio de las relaciones sexuales. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la evaluación comparativa sobre los contenidos de los libros escolares del área de Biología de 3º de la ESO en su capítulo sobre sexualidad y reproducción humana con un texto escolar alternativo. Se evalúa si posibilitan la consecución de los objetivos educativos señalados en el currículo y si promocionan estilos de vida saludables que lleguen a prevenir conductas de riesgo. ------------------------Together with the increase of condom use, the spread of sexually transmitted infections, earlier ages of sexual debut and pregnancies in teenagers are also increasing. Sexual education in schools plays an important role. It is therefore important, from a public health point of view, to develop materials with contents that can help students acquire the life skills that will enable them to make free and informed decisions concerning sexuality. In this study the results of a comparative evaluation of different school texts with an alternative we have elaborated for the area of sexuality and human reproduction are presented. The extent to which these books achieve official educational objectives, promote healthy life styles and convey information enabling the prevention of risky sexual behaviours was evaluated.

2009-12-31T23:00:00Z Irala, J. (Jokin) de Osorio, A. (Alfonso) Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina) Belen, V.A. (Vina A.) Guzman, F.O. (Filipinas O.) de Calatrava, M. (María) Torralba, A.N. (Antonio N.) http://hdl.handle.net/10171/19117 2012-01-14T18:54:05Z 2009-07-31T22:00:00Z

Title: Relationships, Love and Sexuality: What the Filipino Youth Think and Feel Author(s) : Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina); Belen, V.A. (Vina A.); Guzman, F.O. (Filipinas O.) de; Calatrava, M. (María); Torralba, A.N. (Antonio N.) Abstract: Background In order to achieve a change among teens' sexual behavior, an important step is to improve our knowledge about their opinions concerning relationships, love and sexuality. Methods A questionnaire including topics on relationships, love and sexuality was distributed to a target population of 4,000 Filipino students from third year high school to third year college. Participants were obtained through multi-stage sampling of clusters of universities and schools. This paper concentrates on teens aged 13 to 18. Results Students reported that they obtained information about love and sexuality mainly from friends. However, they valued parents' opinion more than friends'. They revealed few conversations with their parents on these topics. A majority of them would like to have more information, mainly about emotion-related topics. Almost half of respondents were not aware that condoms are not 100% effective in preventing STIs or pregnancies. More girls, compared to boys, were sensitive and opposed to several types of sexism. After adjusting for sex, age and institution, the belief of 100% condom effectiveness and the approval of pornography and sexism were associated with being sexually experienced. Conclusion There is room for further encouraging parents to talk more with their children about sexuality, specially aspects related to feelings and emotions in order to help them make better sexual choices. Indeed, teens wish to better communicate with their parents on these issues. Condoms are regarded as safer than what they really are by almost half of the participants of this study, and such incorrect knowledge seems to be associated with sexual initiation.

2009-07-31T22:00:00Z