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Basal leptin regulates amino acid uptake in polarized Caco-2 cells

2012-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Basal leptin regulates amino acid uptake in polarized Caco-2 cells Author(s) : Fanjul, C. (Carmen); Barrenetxe, J. (Jaione); Lostao, M.P. (María Pilar) Abstract: Leptin is secreted by gastric mucosa and is able to reach the intestinal lumen where its receptors are located in the apical membrane of the enterocytes. We have previously demonstrated that apical leptin inhibits sugar and amino acids uptake in vitro and glucose absorption in vivo. Since leptin receptors are also expressed in the basolateral membrane of the enterocytes, the aim of the present work was to investigate whether leptin acting from the basolateral side could also regulate amino acid uptake. Tritiated Gln and β-Ala were used to measure uptake into Caco-2 cells grown on filters, in the presence of basal leptin at short incubation times (5 and 30 min) and after 6 h of preincubation with the hormone. In order to compare apical and basal leptin effect, Gln and β-Ala uptake was measured in the presence of leptin acting from the apical membrane also in cells grown on filters. Basal leptin (8 mM) inhibited by ~15–30 % the uptake of 0.1 mM Gln and 1 mM β-Ala quickly, after 5 min exposure, and the effect was maintained after long preincubation periods. Apical leptin had the same effect. Moreover, the inhibition was rapidly and completely reversed when leptin was removed from the apical or basolateral medium. These results extend our previous findings and contribute to the vision of leptin as an important hormonal signal for the regulation of intestinal absorption of nutrients.

Leptin regulates sugar and amino acids transport in the human intestinal cell line Caco-2

2011-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Leptin regulates sugar and amino acids transport in the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 Author(s) : Fanjul, C. (Carmen); Barrenetxe, J. (Jaione); Iñigo, C. (Carmen); Sakar, Y. (Yassine); Ducroc, R. (Robert); Barber, A. (Ana); Lostao, M.P. (María Pilar) Abstract: Aim: Studies in rodents have shown that leptin controls sugars and glutamine entry in the enterocytes by regulating membrane transporters. Here, we have examined the effect of leptin on sugar and amino acids absorption in the human model of intestinal cells Caco-2 and investigated the transporters involved. Methods: Substrate uptake experiments were performed in Caco-2 cells, grown on plates, in the presence and the absence of leptin and the expression of the different transporters in brush border membrane vesicles was analysed by Western blot. Results: Leptin inhibited 0.1 mM α-methyl-D-glucoside uptake after 5 or 30 min treatment, and decreased SGLT1 protein abundance in the apical membrane. Uptake of 20 µM glutamine and 0.1 mM phenylalanine was also inhibited by leptin, indicating sensitivity to the hormone of the Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transporters ASCT2 and B0AT1. This inhibition was accompanied by a reduction of the transporters expression at the brush-border membrane. Leptin also inhibited 1 mM proline and β-alanine uptake in Na+ medium at pH 6, conditions for optimal activity of the H+-dependent neutral amino acid transporter PAT1. In this case, abundance of PAT1 in the brush-border membrane after leptin treatment was not modified. Interestingly, leptin inhibitory effect on β-alanine uptake was reversed by the PKA inhibitor H-89 suggesting involvement of PKA pathway in leptin´s regulation of PAT1 activity. Conclusion: These data show in human intestinal cells that leptin can rapidly control the activity of physiologically relevant transporters for rich-energy molecules, i.e D-glucose (SGLT1) and amino acids (ASCT2, B0AT1 and PAT1).

The facilitated glucose transporter GLUT12: What do we know and what would we like to know?

2012-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: The facilitated glucose transporter GLUT12: What do we know and what would we like to know? Author(s) : Pujol-Gimenez, J. (Jonai); Barrenetxe, J. (Jaione); Gonzalez-Muniesa, P. (Pedro); Lostao, M.P. (María Pilar) Abstract: Human GLUT12 was isolated from the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by its homology with GLUT4. Glucose has been described as its main substrate, but it also can transport other sugars. In humans, GLUT12 protein is expressed mainly in insulin sensitive tissues. Functional analysis has showed that GLUT12 transports sugars down its concentration gradient, but it can also work as a proton-coupled symporter. Studies from our laboratory, performed in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing GLUT12, show that glucose uptake increases in the presence of Na+ and induces inward current. These findings suggest a transport mechanism never described for other GLUTs, which would indicate a distinct functional role for GLUT12. In relation with its physiological and pathophysiological function, GLUT12 has been mainly studied due to its role as a secondary insulin-sensitive glucose transporter and its possible implication in impaired insulin signalling pathologies. Its expression in some tumour tissues has been described and recently, it has been proposed as one of the key proteins in the glucose supply to malignant cells. Overall, even though a lot of information about GLUT12 has been released during the last years, its functional characteristics, physiological role or implication in the development of some diseases is still unclear. Therefore, this review of the literature can help to address further investigations needed to elucidate these issues that, in our view, are of great interest mainly due to the direct GLUT12 relation with cancer and probably with diabetes development.

Complete inhibition of extranodal dissemination of lymphoma by edelfosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles

2011-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Complete inhibition of extranodal dissemination of lymphoma by edelfosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles Author(s) : Estella-Hermoso-de-Mendoza, A. (Ander); Campanero, M.A. (Miguel Angel); Lana, H. (Hugo); Villa-Pulgarin, J.A. (Janny A.); Iglesia-Vicente, J. (Janis) de la; Mollinedo, F. (Faustino); Blanco-Prieto, M.J. (María José) Abstract: Lipid nanoparticles (LN) made of synthetic lipids Compritol® 888 ATO and Precirol® ATO 5 were developed, presenting an average size of 110.4 ± 2.1 nm and 103.1 ± 2.9 nm, for Compritol® and Precirol®, respectively, and encapsulation efficiency above 85 % for both type of lipids. These LN decrease the hemolytic toxicity of the drug by 90 %. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles of the drug were studied after intravenous and oral administration of edelfosine-containing LN, providing an increase in relative oral bioavailability of 1500 % after a single oral administration of drug-loaded LN, maintaining edelfosine plasma levels over 7 days in contrast to a single oral administration of edelfosine solution, which presents a relative oral bioavailability of 10 %. Moreover, edelfosine-loaded LN showed a high accumulation of the drug in lymph nodes and resulted in slower tumor growth than the free drug in a murine lymphoma xenograft model, as well as potent extranodal dissemination inhibition.

Dietary total antioxidant capacity: a novel indicator of diet quality in healthy young adults

2008-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Dietary total antioxidant capacity: a novel indicator of diet quality in healthy young adults Author(s) : Puchau, B. (Blanca); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles); Gonzalez-de-Echavarri, A. (Amaia); Hermsdorff, H.H. (H.H.); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo) Abstract: Background: Overall diet quality measurements have been suggested as a useful tool to assess diet-disease relationships. Oxidative stress has been related to the development of obesity and other chronic diseases. Furthermore, antioxidant intake is being considered as protective against cell oxidative damage and related metabolic complications. Objective: To evaluate potential associations between the dietary total antioxidant capacity of foods (TAC), the energy density of the diet, and other relevant nutritional quality indexes in healthy young adults. Methods: Several anthropometric variables front 153 healthy participants (20.8 +/- 2.7 years) included in this study were measured. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire, which was also used to calculate the dietary TAG and for daily energy intake adjustment. Results: Positive significant associations were found between dietary TAG and Mediterranean energy density hypothesis oriented dietary scores (Mediterranean Diet Score, Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score, Modified Mediterranean Diet Score), non-Mediterranean hypothesis oriented dietary scores (Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index. Diet Quality Index-International, Diet Quality Index-Revised), and diversity of food intake indicators (Recommended Food Score, Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity in terms of total energy intake). The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index and Diet Quality Index scores (a Mediterranean and a non Mediterranean hypothesis oriented dietary score, respectively), whose lower values refer to a higher diet quality, decreased with higher values of dietary TAG. Energy density was also inversely associated with dietary TAG. Conclusion: These data suggest that dietary TAG, as a measure of antioxidant intake, may also be a potential marker of diet quality in healthy subjects, providing a novel approach to assess the role of antioxidant intake on health promotion and diet-based therapies.

Formación en Nutrición: de la universidad a la especialidad

2009-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Formación en Nutrición: de la universidad a la especialidad Author(s) : Garcia-de-Lorenzo, A. (A.); Rodriguez-Montes, J.A. (J.A.); Culebras, J.M. (J.M.); Alvarez, J. (J.); Botella, F. (F.); Cardona, D. (D.); Cos, A. (A.) de; Garcia-Peris, P. (P.); Gil, A. (A.); Marti, A. (Amelia); Perez-Portabella, C. (C.); Planas, M. (M.); Ruiz-Santana, S. (S.); Russolillo, G. (G.); Salas-Salvado, J. (J.) Abstract: De cara a las nuevas normas del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior en su relación con los estudios de nutrición tanto en los diferentes grados (medicina, farmacia, nutrición, enfermería) como en el postgrado, se estructura el VIIo FORO Abbott-SENPE. Se efectúa una reflexión multiprofesional y multidisciplinar sobre la actual situación de la formación universitaria en nutrición, sus posibilidades y límites. También se valora el papel de la formación continuada, del sistema de residencia, de los másteres y de las sociedades científicas. Se concluye en instar a las autoridades académicas, a la Comisión Nacional de Especialidades, a los responsables de formación continuada y a las sociedades científicas a reflexionar sobre la importancia de los estudios relacionados con la nutrición, alimentación y dietética tanto en el pregrado como en el postgrado y a implementarlos y desarrollarlos en sus áreas de influencia.

Prevention of diet-induced obesity by apple polyphenols in Wistar rats through regulation of adipocyte gene expression and DNA methylation patterns

2012-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Prevention of diet-induced obesity by apple polyphenols in Wistar rats through regulation of adipocyte gene expression and DNA methylation patterns Author(s) : Boque, N. (N.); Iglesia, R. (Rocío) de la; Garza, A.L. (Ana Laura) de la; Milagro, F.I. (Fermín I.); Olivares, M. (Mónica); Bañuelos, O. (Oscar); Soria, A.C. (A. Cristina); Rodriguez-Sanchez, S. (Sonia); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Campion, J. (Javier) Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the mechanisms implicated in the beneficial effects of apple polyphenols (APs) against diet-induced obesity in Wistar rats, described in a previous study from our group. Supplementation of high-fat sucrose diet with AP prevented adiposity increase by inhibition of adipocyte hypertrophy. Rats supplemented with AP exhibited improved glucose tolerance while adipocytes isolated from these rats showed an enhanced lipolytic response to isoproterenol. AP intake led to reduced Lep, Plin, and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebf1) mRNA levels and increased aquaporin 7 (Aqp7), adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 (Aebp1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (Ppargc1a) mRNA levels in epididymal adipocytes. In addition, we found different methylation patterns of Aqp7, Lep, Ppargc1a, and Srebf1 promoters in adipocytes from apple-supplemented rats compared to high-fat sucrose fed rats. The administration of AP protects against body weight gain and fat deposition and improves glucose tolerance in rats. We propose that AP exerts the antiobesity effects through the regulation of genes involved in adipogenesis, lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation, in a process that could be mediated in part by epigenetic mechanisms.

Differential DNA methylation patterns between high and low responders to a weight loss intervention in overweight or obese adolescents: the EVASYON study

2012-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Differential DNA methylation patterns between high and low responders to a weight loss intervention in overweight or obese adolescents: the EVASYON study Author(s) : Moleres, A. (Adriana); Milagro, F.I. (Fermín I.); Campion, J. (Javier); Marcos, A. (Ascensión); Campoy, C. (Cristina); Garagorri, J.M. (Jesús M.); Gomez-Martinez, S. (Sonia); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Azcona-Sanjulian, M.C. (M. Cristina); Marti, A. (Amelia) Abstract: In recent years, epigenetic markers emerged as a new tool to understand the influence of lifestyle factors on obesity phenotypes. Adolescence is considered an important epigenetic window over a human's lifetime. The objective of this work was to explore baseline changes in DNA methylation that could be associated with a better weight loss response after a multidisciplinary intervention program in Spanish obese or overweight adolescents. Overweight or obese adolescents (n=107) undergoing 10 wk of a multidisciplinary intervention for weight loss were assigned as high or low responders to the treatment. A methylation microarray was performed to search for baseline epigenetic differences between the 2 groups (12 subjects/group), and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to validate (n=107) relevant CpG sites and surrounding regions. After validation, 5 regions located in or near AQP9, DUSP22, HIPK3, TNNT1, and TNNI3 genes showed differential methylation levels between high and low responders to the multidisciplinary weight loss intervention. Moreover, a calculated methylation score was significantly associated with changes in weight, BMI-SDS, and body fat mass loss after the treatment. In summary, we have identified 5 DNA regions that are differentially methylated depending on weight loss response. These methylation changes may help to better understand the weight loss response in obese adolescents.

Estudio comparativo de medidas de composición corporal por absorciometría dual de rayos X, bioimpedancia y pliegues cutáneos en mujeres

2009-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Estudio comparativo de medidas de composición corporal por absorciometría dual de rayos X, bioimpedancia y pliegues cutáneos en mujeres Author(s) : Hernandez-Ruiz-de-Eguilaz, M. (María); Martinez-de-Morentin, B.E. (B.E.); Perez-Diez, S. (Salomé); Navas-Carretero, S. (Santiago); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo) Abstract: Las medidas de composición corporal son herramientas normalmente empleadas para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la obesidad. En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las diferencias entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC), contenido de grasa medido por pliegues cutáneos (PT), impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) y absorciometría dual de rayos-X (DEXA), como métodos de medida de composición corporal en mujeres adultas (n = 91). Aunque la estimación de grasa corporal entre los métodos fue diferente, la correlación entre las medidas de composición corporal fue positiva (IMC-BIA, DEXA, PT: 0,902, 0,780, 0,722, respectivamente; BIA-DEXA, PT: 0,794 y 0,674 respectivamente; DEXA-PT: 0,787, todas las correlaciones p < 0,001) y estadísticamente significativa. En cuanto a la concordancia entre métodos para clasificar individuos en normopeso o sobrepeso, fue en general baja, excepto en el caso del índice de masa corporal con la bioimpedancia, que fue buena, y el índice de masa corporal con la medida del pliegue tricipital, que fue aceptable. En conclusión, los resultados de este estudio apuntan a que la medida del contenido de grasa puede ser diferente en función del método de estimación empleado, pero la buena correlación entre ellos permite comparar la evolución del contenido de grasa durante una intervención dietética, siempre y cuando se tome como referencia el mismo aparato para un mismo individuo.

El entrenamiento aeróbico mejora las mediciones ergométricas en enfermos cardiovasculares

2009-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: El entrenamiento aeróbico mejora las mediciones ergométricas en enfermos cardiovasculares Author(s) : Flores, C. (C.); Sanz, P. (P.); Ansorena, D. (Diana) Abstract: OBJETIVO: estudiar la evolución en el estado de salud cardiovascular de pacientes cardiópatas y/o con factores de riesgo cardiovascular sometidos a un programa supervisado de actividad física aeróbica. MÉTODOS: se seleccionó un total de 56 voluntarios varones de edades entre los 38 y 73 años, con algún tipo de factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Los sujetos fueron clasificados en 4 grupos de acuerdo a sus características: grupo control (personas sin especial patología cardíaca, pero que presentaban factores de riesgo cardiovascular, n=17), grupo -bloqueadores (personas con tratamiento farmacológico con beta bloqueadores, n=19), grupo sin -bloqueadores (personas que no están en tratamiento farmacológico con beta bloqueantes, pero si con otros fármacos, n=9), grupo cirugía con y sin infarto agudo al miocardio (personas con algún tipo de cirugía y con tratamiento farmacológico, n=11). Los sujetos realizaron, durante 10 años, actividad física aeróbica durante 30 minutos, 3 veces por semana. Cada paciente fue sometido a 4 pruebas de esfuerzo realizadas al inicio del programa, tras 8 meses, 1 y 10 años de entrenamiento. Se registraron la frecuencia cardíaca, tensión arterial y watios máximos de trabajo. RESULTADOS: el peso en el grupo control disminuyó a lo largo del estudio (2 kg aproximadamente). Los otros grupos mantuvieron y/o aumentaron su peso, no obstante, cabe destacar la duración del estudio. La frecuencia cardíaca se mantuvo sin modificaciones significativas a lo largo del estudio. CONCLUSIÓN: la práctica de actividad física aeróbica supervisada, de 1,5 horas semanales durante un período de 10 años, ayudó a mantener los parámetros de control de riesgo cardiovascular en un grupo de voluntarios cardiópatas.

El entrenamiento aeróbico mejora las mediciones ergométricas en enfermos cardiovasculares

2009-12-31T23:00:00Z

A dual epigenomic approach for the search of obesity biomarkers: DNA methylation in relation to diet-induced weight loss

2010-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: A dual epigenomic approach for the search of obesity biomarkers: DNA methylation in relation to diet-induced weight loss Author(s) : Milagro, F.I. (Fermín I.); Campion, J. (Javier); Cordero, P. (P.); Goyenechea, E. (Estíbaliz); Gomez-Uriz, A.M. (A.M.); Abete, I. (Itziar); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo) Abstract: Epigenetics could help to explain individual differences in weight loss after an energy-restriction intervention. Here, we identify novel potential epigenetic biomarkers of weight loss, comparing DNA methylation patterns of high and low responders to a hypocaloric diet. Twenty-five overweight or obese men participated in an 8-wk caloric restriction intervention. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and treated with bisulfite. The basal and endpoint epigenetic differences between high and low responders were analyzed by methylation microarray, which was also useful in comparing epigenetic changes due to the nutrition intervention. Subsequently, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to validate several relevant CpGs and the surrounding regions. DNA methylation levels in several CpGs located in the ATP10A and CD44 genes showed statistical baseline differences depending on the weight-loss outcome. At the treatment endpoint, DNA methylation levels of several CpGs on the WT1 promoter were statistically more methylated in the high than in the low responders. Finally, different CpG sites from WT1 and ATP10A were significantly modified as a result of the intervention. In summary, hypocaloric-diet-induced weight loss in humans could alter DNA methylation status of specific genes. Moreover, baseline DNA methylation patterns may be used as epigenetic markers that could help to predict weight loss.

Beneficial effects of the RESMENA Dietary pattern on oxidative stress in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome with hyperglycemia are associated to dietary TAC and fruit consumption

2012-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Beneficial effects of the RESMENA Dietary pattern on oxidative stress in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome with hyperglycemia are associated to dietary TAC and fruit consumption Author(s) : Iglesia, R. (Rocío) de la; Lopez-Legarrea, P. (Patricia); Celada, P. (Paloma); Sanchez-Muniz, M.J. (M.J.); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles) Abstract: Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are conditions directly related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS), whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new weight-loss dietary pattern on improving the oxidative stress status on patients suffering MetS with hyperglycemia. Seventy-nine volunteers were randomly assigned to two low-calorie diets (-30% Energy): the control diet based on the American Health Association criteria and the RESMENA diet based on a different macronutrient distribution (30% proteins, 30% lipids, 40% carbohydrates), which was characterized by an increase of the meal frequency (seven-times/day), low glycemic load, high antioxidant capacity (TAC) and high n-3 fatty acids content. Dietary records, anthropometrical measurements, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed before and after the six-month-long study. The RESMENA (Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra) diet specifically reduced the android fat mass and demonstrated more effectiveness on improving general oxidative stress through a greater decrease of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) values and protection against arylesterase depletion. Interestingly, oxLDL values were associated with dietary TAC and fruit consumption and with changes on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass and triacilglyceride (TG) levels. In conclusion, the antioxidant properties of the RESMENA diet provide further benefits to those attributable to weight loss on patients suffering Mets with hyperglycemia.

Eating competence of elderly Spanish adults is associated with a healthy diet and a favorable cardiovascular disease risk profile

2009-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Eating competence of elderly Spanish adults is associated with a healthy diet and a favorable cardiovascular disease risk profile Author(s) : Lohse, B. (Barbara); Psota, T. (Tricia); Estruch, R. (R.); Zazpe, I. (Itziar); Sorli, J.V. (José V.); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Serra, M. (Merce); Krall, J.S. (Jodi Stotts); Marquez, F. (Fabiola); Ros, E. (Emilio) Abstract: Eating competence (EC), a bio-psychosocial model for intrapersonal approaches to eating and food-related behaviors, is associated with less weight dissatisfaction, lower BMI, and increased HDL-cholesterol in small U.S. studies, but its relationship to nutrient quality and overall cardiovascular risk have not been examined. Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) is a 5-y controlled clinical trial evaluating Mediterranean diet efficacy on the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Spain. In a cross-sectional study, 638 PREDIMED participants (62% women, mean age 67 y) well phenotyped for cardiovascular risk factors were assessed for food intake and EC using validated questionnaires. Overall, 45.6% were eating-competent. EC was associated with being male and energy intake (P < 0.01). After gender and energy adjustment, participants with EC compared with those without showed higher fruit intake and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet (P < 0.05) and tended to consume more fish (P = 0.076) and fewer dairy products (P = 0.054). EC participants tended to have a lower BMI (P = 0.057) and had a lower fasting blood glucose concentration and serum LDL-:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P < 0.05) and a higher HDL-cholesterol concentration (P = 0.025) after gender adjustment. EC participants had lower odds ratios (OR) of having a blood glucose concentration >5.6 mmol/L (0.71; 95% CI 0.51-0.98) and HDL-cholesterol <1.0 mmol/L (0.70; 95% CI 0.68-1.00). The OR of actively smoking, being obese, or having a serum LDL-cholesterol concentration > or =3.4 mmol/L were <1.0, but the 95% CI included the 1.0 (P > 0.1). Our findings support further examination of EC as a strategy for enhancing diet quality and CVD prevention.

Adipose tissue transcriptome reflects variations between subjects with continued weight loss and subjects regaining weight 6 mo after caloric restriction independent of energy intake

2009-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Adipose tissue transcriptome reflects variations between subjects with continued weight loss and subjects regaining weight 6 mo after caloric restriction independent of energy intake Author(s) : Marquez-Quiñones, A. (A.); Mutch, D.M. (David M.); Debard, C. (C.); Wang, P. (P.); Combes, M. (M.); Roussel, B. (B.); Holst, C. (C.); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Handjieva-Darlenska, T. (T.); Kalouskova, P. (P.); Jebb, S.A. (Susan A.); Babalis, D. (D.); Pfeiffer, A.F. (A.F.); Larsen, T.M. (Thomas M.); Astrup, A. (A.); Saris, W.H. (W.H.); Mariman, E.C. (E.C.); Clement, K. (K.); Vidal, H. (Hubert); Languin, D. (D.); Viguerie, N. (N.) Abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying body weight evolution after diet-induced weight loss are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify and characterize differences in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) transcriptome of subjects with different weight changes after energy restriction-induced weight loss during 6 mo on 4 different diets. DESIGN: After an 8-wk low-calorie diet (800 kcal/d), we randomly assigned weight-reduced obese subjects from 8 European countries to receive 4 diets that differed in protein and glycemic index content. In addition to anthropometric and plasma markers, SAT biopsies were taken at the beginning [clinical investigation day (CID) 2] and end (CID3) of the weight follow-up period. Microarray analysis was used to define SAT gene expression profiles at CID2 and CID3 in 22 women with continued weight loss (successful group) and in 22 women with weight regain (unsuccessful group) across the 4 dietary arms. RESULTS: Differences in SAT gene expression patterns between successful and unsuccessful groups were mainly due to weight variations rather than to differences in dietary macronutrient content. An analysis of covariance with total energy intake as a covariate identified 1338 differentially expressed genes. Cellular growth and proliferation, cell death, cellular function, and maintenance were the main biological processes represented in SAT from subjects who regained weight. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was the major pattern associated with continued weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to control body weight loss independent of energy intake or diet composition is reflected in the SAT transcriptome. Although cell proliferation may be detrimental, a greater mitochondrial energy gene expression is suggested as being beneficial for weight control.