http://hdl.handle.net/10171/18916 2013-05-25T09:16:08Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/27543 Title: Farmacología de antimicrobianos utilizados en el tratamiento de las infecciones graves por bacterias grampositivas Author(s) : Garcia-Quetglas, E. (Emilio); Azanza, J.R. (José Ramón); Sadaba, B. (Belén); Gil-Aldea, I. (I.) Abstract: Antimicrobials with specific activity against Gram-positive cocci (glycopeptides, oxazolidinones and streptogramins) have pharmacokinetic differences that are important to know. Linezolid and teicoplanin can be administered extravascularly due to their good bioavailability, allowing their use as sequential therapy in patients requiring prolonged treatment. All of these antimicrobials have an adequate distribution in extracellular tissues, even teicoplanin, due to the balance between the fraction that is bound and unbound to plasma proteins and its long terminal half-life. As the elimination of glycopeptides is almost exclusively renal, it is necessary to perform a posology adjustment in patients with renal failure. Quinupristin/dalfopristin and linezolid are metabolized by the liver, but CYP450 is only involved in streptogramin elimination 2002-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/23628 Title: PK/PD y desarrollo de nuevas formulaciones en el campo de los antimicrobianos Author(s) : Garcia-Quetglas, E. (Emilio) 2004-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/23500 Title: Información de medicamentos a la población desde el Servicio de Farmacia a través de Internet Author(s) : Beorlegui, B. (Blanca); Ortega-Eslava, A. (A.); Aquerreta, I. (Irene); Aldaz, A. (Azucena); Lacasa, C. (Carlos); Idoate, A. (Antonio); Conchillo, A. (Ana); Giraldez, J. (J.); Morales-de-Alava, I. (Isabel); Yuste, J.R. (José Ramón); Garcia, N. (Nicolás) Abstract: Objectives: To describe and discuss the work of a Pharmacy Department for the health-care portal www.viatusalud.com. Methods: Using a web portal, a Pharmacy Department develops and updates a vademecum on drugs, and answers enquiries by end-users. Results: On December 31, 2002 more than 750 records on drugs were available, and 3030 enquiries had been answered. Conclusions: With this drug information and online enquiry service, our Pharmacy Department helps meet the demand of health-care information posed by the community and by patients previously seen at Clínica Universitaria. In addition, it allows areas of improvement to be detected in the information to be offered to patients fron a Pharmacy Department, and represents a tertiary source of information for health-care professionals. 2002-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/23495 Title: TAK1 mRNA Expression in the Tumor Tissue of Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients Author(s) : Honorato, B. (Beatriz); Alcalde, J. (Juan); Martinez-Monge, R. (Rafael); Garcia-Foncillas, J. (Jesús); Zabalegui, N. (Natalia) Abstract: Resistance to radio and chemotherapy is one of the major drawbacks in the progression of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients, evidencing the importance of finding optimum molecular prognosis markers to develop personalized treatment schedules. TGF-β effector TAK1 activity has been related to a greater aggressiveness in several types of cancer (Kondo et al. 1998; Edlund et al. 2003; Kaur et al. 2005) and, although there has been described no significant implication of TAK1 in HNSCC development, we have further examined the role of its mRNA expression as a marker of prognosis in HNSCC. Fifty-nine advanced HNSCC patients were recruited for the study. The tumor expression of TAK1 mRNA was analyzed with RT-PCR using Taqman technology and its relationship with the clinical outcome of the patients studied. TAK1 mRNA expression was lower in patients that relapsed than in those that did not, but the difference was only significant between the patients that showed response to treatment (p < 0.001). ROC curve analyses pointed a 0.5 expression ratio TAK1/B2M value as an optimum cut-off point for relapse and response. Our data suggest the TAK1 mRNA analysis by Taqman RT-PCR can predict the risk of relapse in HNSCC patients. 2007-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/23383 Title: Review: mitochondrial defects in breast cancer Author(s) : Salgado, J. (Josefa); Honorato, B. (Beatriz); Garcia-Foncillas, J. (Jesús) Abstract: Mitochondria play important roles in cellular energy metabolism, free radical generation, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial DNA has been proposed to be involved in carcinogenesis because of its high susceptibility to mutations and limited repair mechanisms in comparison to nuclear DNA. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer type among women in the world and, although exhaustive research has been done on nuclear DNA changes, several studies describe a variety of mitochondrial DNA alterations present in breast cancer. In this review article, we to provide a summary of the mitochondrial genomic alterations reported in breast cancer and their functional consequences. 2007-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22983 Title: Comparaciones indirectas Author(s) : Ortega-Eslava, A. (A.); Fraga-Fuentes, M.D. (M.D.); Alegre-del-Rey, E.J. (E.J.); Ventayol-Bosch, P. (P.) 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22957 Title: Comparaciones indirectas en los informes de evaluación de medicamentos en la web del grupo GENESIS de la SEFH Author(s) : Ortega-Eslava, A. (A.); Fraga-Fuentes, M.D. (M.D.); Puigventos-Latorre, F. (F.); Santos-Ramos, B. (B.); Clopes-Estela, A. (A.); Vilanova-Bolto, M. (M.) Abstract: An active comparator was present in 95% of the 337 analysed reports; 50% included a direct comparative study vs comparator. In 114 reports (34%), an IC was used; 69% of the ICs were made by the report author. Most ICs were narrative and none were adjusted. An IC could have been made in an additional 16% of the cases and possibly in 24% more. Conclusions: Most evaluated drugs have an active comparator but studies comparing them directly are not as common. ICs could be included in more reports along with quality control criteria. © 2011 SEFH. Published 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22724 Title: Farmacología de los azoles Author(s) : Azanza, J.R. (José Ramón); Garcia-Quetglas, E. (Emilio); Sadaba, B. (Belén) Abstract: Azole antifungals have different pharmacokinetic characteristics: complete oral absorption for Voriconazole, and to a lesser extent for fluconazole. The absorption of posaconazole and itraconazole increases with food intake. All of them have high tissue distribution with low plasma concentrations, especially low in the case of posaconazole and itraconazole. Posaconazole and itraconazole have high plasmatic protein binding and consequently both have a very low free fraction. Elimination of azole antifungals is through a metabolic pathway with CYP450 isoenzymes, and has a non linear pharmacokinetics with a high risk of interation with other drugs since azoles have the ability of CYP450 isoenzymes inhibition. Possibly the parameter that defines more precisely their efficacy is AUIC with an optimum value near 20, although cut-off values must be defined since some azoles may have difficulty to reach this value. 2006-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22667 Title: Infecciones más comunes en el paciente trasplantado Author(s) : Yuste, J.R. (José Ramón); Pozo, J.L. (José Luis) del; Quetglas, E.G. (E.G.); Azanza-Perea, J.R. (José Ramón) Abstract: Organ transplantation has become one of the most important areas of medical research and, at present, is still the only therapeutical tool for several diseases. However, there are a number of factors related to transplantation, like immunosuppression and prolonged neutropenia that affect the incidence of infection. These infections are somehow peculiar to trasplant recipients. In fact, there are infectious diseases that only occur in immunodepression situations and, moreover, clinical expression of these infectious diseases can be quite different from that in immunocompetent patients. Besides these aspects, some infections, due to the high prevalence described, must be considered for prevention strategies because they continue to be a principal cause of morbidity and mortality, either due to direct effects or to their implication in the pathogenesis of rejection. These strategies commence before trasplantation by active immunization through vaccine administration to the patient and to people in the milieu and continue after trasplantation with prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy. The importance of infectious diseases in the evolution and prognosis of trasplant recipients gives a special meaning to the understanding of associated infections, their clinical expression and ways of prevention and treatment. 2005-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22594 Title: Monitorización y efectos secundarios de los inmunosupresores en el trasplante Author(s) : Sadaba, B. (Belén) Abstract: ABSTRACT The success of organ transplants and their consideration as a clearly established treatment in some indications is due to the development of immunosuppressant drugs. While it was not the first of the drugs to be employed, the introduction of cyclosporin in the 1980s in immunosuppressant treatment made possible an increase in the number of transplants and the success of this practice. From then onwards, immunosuppression has been based on the use of a combination of drugs, initially cyclosporin, corticoids and azathioprine. In recent years new drugs have been introduced that have opened up the possibilities of treatment. But many pending questions remain, due to the toxicity associated with their use and the possibility of interaction with other drugs, which complicates their use and can compromise the prognoses of these patients. Calcineurin inhibitors and mTOR are the drugs involved with greater frequency in interactions with other drugs, which makes it necessary to anticipate this possibility 2005-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22584 Title: Farmacodinamia y métodos de administración de fármacos Author(s) : Azanza, J.R. (José Ramón) 2004-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22574 Title: Fármacos biotecnológicos y quimioterapia antiinfecciosa Author(s) : Honorato, J. (J.) Abstract: Developments in biotechnology in recent years have enabled the discovery of new pharmacological agents for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. The agents obtained from these biotechnological procedures possess specific characteristics which significantly distinguish them from drugs obtained by chemical synthesis. These properties cover the entire development process, from investigation and production up to their administration to patients. The pharmokinetics of these preparations influence their administration routes and dosage regimens. The discovery of these drugs has led to major advances in the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious processes which until very recently had no effective treatment. The investigation and production of these drugs requires the use of highly technical resources resulting in high costs and therefore a more expensive drug on the market compared to other drugs. Nevertheless, well documented pharmoeconomic studies show that the use of this type of drug for certain symptoms may be highly cost effective. This article includes some of the possible applications of biotechnology in the infectious disease field, although the current situation indicates that more detailed and broader applications may be elaborated on in ensuing issues. The future of these drugs in chemical therapy for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases is exceedingly promising and many of these drugs are currently under laboratory investigation, more so than those under development from a chemical synthesis approach. 2006-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22444 Title: Caracterización y variabilidad de los informes de evaluación de medicamentos en la página web del grupo GENESIS de la SEFH Author(s) : Ortega-Eslava, A. (A.); Puigventos-Latorre, F. (F.); Santos-Ramos, B. (B.); Calderon-Hernaz, B. (B.); Vilanova-Bolto, M. (M.) Abstract: To analyse the assessment reports published on the GENESIS webpage (Group for Innovation, Assessment, Standardisation and Research in the Selection of Drugs) and assess the variability of the group's proposals to include drugs in the Formulary. METHOD: We analysed reports published by hospitals on the GENESIS webpage between 2004 and 2007. Data were collected on drugs and indications, ATC group, open or restricted access publications, hospital, and publication date. We drafted a questionnaire that would measure to what extent to what extent the 9-section model recommended by GENESIS was included in each report. For drugs with two or more reports, we analysed whether the recommendation coincided and the possible cause in the event of conflict. RESULTS: We analysed 416 reports corresponding to 185 different drug indications. 93% included 6 or more of the recommended sections, a number which increased over time. The most frequently included sections were: approved indications (92%), mechanism of action (95%), and references (86%) (percentages from 2007). Sections which had an increasing but lower percentage were: differential characteristics (60%), literature search method (40%) and conclusions with a summary of efficacy, safety and cost data (52%). 73% of which had definite recommendations, which coincided for 42 out of the 67 drugs with more than one recommendation report. CONCLUSIONS: The work carried out by the GENESIS group has enabled Spanish hospitals to share their drug assessment reports and making them more complete, although there are still some aspects that can be improved. 2010-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22388 Title: Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic method for in vitro mupirocin quantification in both skin layers and percutaneous penetration studies. Author(s) : Echevarría, L. (Lydia); Blanco-Prieto, M.J. (María José); Campanero, M.A. (Miguel Angel); Santoyo, S. (Susana) Abstract: A simple, rapid, and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the measurement of mupirocin concentrations in both skin layers and percutaneous samples has been developed. Mupirocin was extracted from skin layers using PBS–acetonitrile (90:10, v/v). The method is sufficiently sensitive and repeatable to be used in percutaneous penetration studies. The samples were chromatographed on a View the MathML source mm C8 LiChrospher Select B (5 μm). The mobile phase composition was a mixture of acetonitrile–ammonium acetate 0.05 M (27.5:72.5, v/v) adjusted to pH 6.3 with acetic acid. The analyte was detected at 228 nm and the run time was 11 min. Linearity was confirmed in the concentration range 0.2–20 μg/ml and the limit of detection was 9.5 ng/ml. 2003-10-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10171/22386 Title: Importance of single or blended polymer types for controlled in vitro release and plasma levels of a somatostatin analogue entrapped in PLA/PLGA microspheres. Author(s) : Blanco-Prieto, M.J. (María José); Campanero, M.A. (Miguel Angel); Besseghir, K. (Kamel); Heimgatner, F. (F.); Gander, B. (Bruno) Abstract: The aim of the work was to develop biodegradable microspheres for controlled delivery of the somatostatin analogue vapreotide and maintenance of sustained plasma levels over 2–4 weeks after a single injection in rats. Vapreotide was microencapsulated into end-group capped and uncapped low molecular weight poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) by spray-drying and coacervation. Microspheres were prepared from single and blended (1:1) polymer types. The microparticles were characterized for peptide loading, in vitro release and pharmocokinetics in rats. Spray-drying and coacervation produced microspheres in the size range of 1–15 and 10–70 μm, respectively, and with encapsulation efficiencies varying between 46% and 87%. In vitro release of vapreotide followed a regular pattern and lasted more than 4 weeks, time at which 40–80% of the total dose were released. Microspheres made of 14-kDa end-group uncapped PLGA50:50 or 1:1 blends of this polymer with 35 kDa end-group uncapped PLGA50:50 gave the best release profiles and yielded the most sustained plasma levels above a pre-defined 1 ng/ml over approximately 14 days. In vitro/in vivo correlation analyses showed for several microsphere formulations a linear correlation between the mean residence time in vivo and the mean dissolution time (r=0.958) and also between the amount released between 6 h and 14 days and the AUC6h–14d (r=0.932). For several other parameters or time periods, no in vitro/in vivo correlation was found. This study demonstrates that controlled release of the vapreotide is possible in vivo for a duration of a least 2 weeks when administered i.m. to rats. These results constitute a step forward towards a twice-a-month or once-a-month microsphere-formulation for the treatment of acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors. 2004-04-30T22:00:00Z