Trasplante de homoinjertos valvulares cardiacos y vasculares

Abstract

The advances in the manipulation of human tissues, the development of cryobiology, paediatric cardiac surgery, the impossibility of obtaining an ideal prosthetic cardiac valve and the surgical treatment of cardiovascular infections have revived interest in the use of homografts. The donors of these homografts can be: a) Live donors: aortic and pulmonary valve of the recipient of a heart transplant; b) Multiorgan donors with a diagnosis of death according to neurological criteria, whose heart is rejected for heart transplant; c) Cadaver donors with asystolia of less than 8 hours. Homograft cardiac valves are the substitute of choice in aortic valve endocarditis, patients with counter-indications for anticoagulation, reconstruction of the outflow tract of the right ventricle, aortic valve replacement in children and young adults through the Ross operation, and an optional indication is the aortic valve and/or rising aorta replacement in patients over 60 years of age. Although there are not sufficiently broad series of homogratfs with arterial substitutes, with respect to the number of patients and time of evolution, the results suggest that this can benefit patients with vascular infection, immunodepressed patients or complex patients whose technique during the operation might require a homograft.