Adiponectin diminishes platelet aggregation and sCD40L release. Potential role in the metabolic syndrome

Abstract

The proinflammatory and proatherogenic mediator, soluble CD40 ligand (CD40L), is increased in the metabolic syndrome (MS) and released from platelets. We hypothesized that adiponectin modulates platelet function, and we sought to evaluate the association of adiponectin and sCD40L levels with platelet aggregation in MS and the effects of adiponectin on platelet aggregation and activation. Platelet aggregation and circulating adiponectin, sCD40L and P-selectin were determined in 30 controls and 30 patients with MS. Also, in vitro studies were performed in platelet-rich plasma from nine healthy volunteers. Adiponectin receptors were demonstrated by Western blotting and flow cytometry. ADP and epinephrine platelet aggregation was measured after preincubation with adiponectin. sCD40L and P-selectin secretion was measured in the supernatants by ELISA. Patients with MS had higher sCD40L and P-selectin than controls (5.96 +/- 0.50 vs. 4.28 +/- 0.41 ng/ml, P < 0.05, and 151 +/- 8 vs. 122 +/- 9 ng/ml, P < 0.05). By contrast, adiponectin was lower in patients with MS than in controls (5.25 +/- 0.30 vs. 7.35 +/- 0.34 microg/ml, P < 0.001). Higher platelet aggregation was found in MS. Adiponectin inversely correlated with P-selectin (R = -0.35, P = 0.009), sCD40L (r = -0.24, P = 0.05) and epinephrine and collagen induced aggregation (r = -0.80, P = 0.005; r = -0.70, P = 0.011). Platelets express the receptors for adiponectin. Platelet aggregatory response to epinephrine and ADP significantly decreased following preincubation with adiponectin (96 +/- 4 vs. 23 +/- 3%, P < 0.001, and 102 +/- 9 vs. 85 +/- 9%, P = 0.004). Adiponectin prevented platelet sCD40L release (1.63 +/- 0.15 vs. 2.04 +/- 0.20 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Enhanced platelet aggregation and activation markers are found in MS associated with low adiponectin concentrations. Novel evidence is provided demonstrating that adiponectin has antithrombotic properties, since it inhibits platelet aggregation and platelet activation.